Compreensão de crianças e pré-adolescentes sobre forças de caráter: um estudo qualitativo / La comprensión de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre las fortalezas de carácter: un estudio cualitativo / Children and pre-adolescents' comprehension of character strengths: a qualitative study

RESUMO. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o conhecimento de crianças e pré-adolescentes em relação aos termos que designam as forças de caráter e compreender como percebem a expressão desses traços nos próprios comportamentos e nos de outras pessoas. Foram entrevistados 17 participantes, de oito a 13 anos (M = 10,6; DP = 1,5). Para cada força foram feitas sete perguntas, que investigavam a definição do termo e exemplos da expressão da força nos outros e nos próprios entrevistados. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise de conteúdo, ao fim gerando categorias para cada força. As forças descritas com maior facilidade pelos participantes e suas respectivas definições foram criatividade (capacidade de criar coisas), curiosidade e amor ao aprendizado (busca de conhecimento e novas experiências), honestidade (falar a verdade), amor (comportamento de dar carinho), bondade (ajudar e cuidar do outro), trabalho em equipe (realização de trabalhos colaborativos em brincadeiras ou atividades escolares), perdão (08 categorias a respeito de sua definição, sem destaque para alguma) e esperança (desejar acontecimento futuro). Esses achados podem tornar mais acessível o desenvolvimento e a avaliação das forças nessa faixa etária.

RESUMEN. Este estudio buscó analizar el conocimiento de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre los términos que fueron designados como fortalezas de carácter, y comprender cómo perciben estos rasgos en sus proprios comportamientos y en los de otras personas. Diecisiete participantes entre ocho y trece años fueron entrevistados (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). Para cada fortaleza, se hicieron siete preguntas, que investigaron la definición del término y ejemplos prácticos de su expresión. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas para el análisis de contenido, creando categorías para cada fortaleza. Las fortalezas descritas por los participantes con mayor facilidad y sus respectivas definiciones fueron: creatividad (capacidad de crear cosas), curiosidad y amor por el aprendizaje (búsqueda de conocimiento y nuevas experiencias), honestidad (decir la verdad), amor (comportamientos afectivos), amabilidad (ayudar y cuidar a los demás), trabajo en equipo (desempeño del trabajo colaborativo en juegos o actividades escolares), perdón (ocho categorías con respecto a su definición, sin énfasis en ninguna) y esperanza (deseo por un evento futuro). Estos hallazgos pueden facilitar el desarrollo y la evaluación de las fortalezas con este grupo de edad.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the children and pre-adolescents' knowledge regarding terms that designate character strengths and to understand how they perceive the expression of these traits in their and other people's behavior. Seventeen participants aged eight to thirteen were interviewed (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). For each strength, seven questions were asked, which investigated the definition and examples of the strength expression. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for content analysis, generating categories for each strength. The strengths most easily described by the participants and their respective definitions were: creativity (ability to create things), curiosity and love for learning (searching for knowledge and new experiences), honesty (speaking the truth), love (acts involving affection), kindness (helping and caring for others), teamwork (collaborative works in games or school activities), forgiveness (eight categories regarding their definition, without highlighting any) and hope (longing for a future event). These findings may make developing and evaluating character strengths in this age group more accessible.

Experiences of ZHAO Yonghou in Differentiation and Staged Treatment of Schizophrenia Using the Theory of Ti （Character， 体） and Yong （Function， 用） in Mental Illness / 中医杂志

Based on the theory of ti （character， 体） and yong （function， 用） in mental illness， ZHAO Yonghou's clinical experience in staged differentiation and treatment of schizophrenia is summarized. According to the theory， the core disease location of schizophrenia is in the brain， which is closely related to the organs， qi， and blood. It is proposed to interpret the pathogenesis of schizophrenia from the perspective of “zang-fu organs-qi and blood-brain and spirit”， that is， dysfunction of the zang-fu organs， disharmony of qi and blood， and malnourishment of the brain ti lead to dysfunction of the spirit ti and yong. In clinical practice， treatment of schizophrenia can be divided into four stages， for which the method of treating ti and yong simultaneously is suggested. In the prodromal stage， Liuwei Dihuang Decoction combined with Sini San （六味地黄汤合四逆散） with modifications is used to nourish the kidney and boost marrow， soothe the liver and rectify the spleen. For acute exacerbation with binding of phlegm and heat syndrome， Zhaoshi Yikuang Decoction （赵氏抑狂汤） with modifications is used to clear heat and dispel phlegm， awaken the brain and calm the mind. For phlegm-heat damaging yin pattern， Mengshi Guntan Pill combined with Zengye Decoction （礞石滚痰丸合增液汤） with modifications is used to clear heat and dispel phlegm， enrich yin and calm the mind. For the chronic treatment stage， Yudian Decoction （愈癫汤） with modifications is used to disperse phlegm and dissolve stasis， move qi and awaken the mind. For the rehabilitation and regulation stage， Shenan Pill （神安丸） with modifications is used to boost qi and nourish yin， and tranquilize the mind.

Measurement and analysis of the religious and spiritual factors of quality of life of residents of Islamic cities / Medición y análisis de los factores religiosos y espirituales de la calidad de vida de los residentes de las ciudades islámicas

Abstract Happiness and achieving quality of life primarily depends on the nature of the place in which we live. The religious/spiritual factor is considered a basic factor for understanding the quality of life of individuals. The study at hand used the Arabic version of WHOQoL-SRPB to analyze the religious and spiritual factor affecting the quality of life in Islamic holy cities. The scale was applied to 671 residents of Medina with an average age of 51.6 years, of which 527 (78.5 %) are males and 144 (21.5 %) are females, and they are all Muslims. The results showed that all factors have good internal consistency, since the Alpha Cronbach value was .81 at a significant level of p < .001, and its value for the factors ranged between .75-.89, which are high values and significant at p < .001 except for the "Wholeness" factor, which was significant at p < .01. Moreover, the results of the intra-class correlations coefficients (ICC) test showed that all WHOQoL-SRPB factors are acceptable, as their values ranged between (.82-.93), and all of them were significant at p < .001.

A Review on Anti-Diabetic Herbs of Siddha System Based on Their Organoleptic Characteristic

The Siddha system is a primordial system of medicine followed over a long period in the Southern part of India. Siddha system has peculiar methods in treating a disease and also possesses various diagnostic methods and treatment protocols. In the Siddha system, diagnostic methods are purely differing from other systems. The diagnostic tools are Envagaithervu (Eight Fold Assessment Test), Neer Kuri & Nei Kuri (Siddha Urine Test), Nadi (Pulse Test) etc. In the Siddha system treatments are based on Nadi, Suvai. Diabetics are the major non-communicable disease in the world. According to the statistics India is second among the top ten nations in the world, with 69.2 million people suffering from diabetes and another 36.5 million struggling with pre-diabetes. This rising prevalence is mostly due to changes in lifestyle, such as consuming unhealthy foods and being physically sedentary. In the Siddha system, it is compared with Neerizhuvu Noi. In Siddha, diabetes is not an illness. It is possible to keep it under control with the right diet and treatment. The article focus on scientific justification of the relationship of herbs cured Neerizhuvu Noi mentioned in classical text by their organoleptic characters and anti diabetic activity of the herbs. Taste plays a significant part in the selection of medicinal plants for each person in this kind of personalized treatment that is based on their constitution. This article discusses the Siddha approach to the control of diabetes, with a particular focus on the flavour of herbs.

Effect of online character strengths intervention on alleviating diabetes distress and improving self-care ability in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of online character strengths intervention on the distress-related and self-management ability of young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes. To provide reference for improving the physical and mental health of patients.Methods:Ninety-two young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou University of Medicine from July 2021 to July 2022 were selected and divided into intervention group and control group with 46 cases in each group by random number table method. The control group was given routine care, and the intervention group was given online character strengths intervention for 8 weeks. Diabetes-related distress Questionnaire (DDS) and Diabetes Self-Care Scale (DSCS) were used to evaluate the effects of the two groups of patients before intervention, immediately after intervention and 1 month after intervention.Results:The total DDS scores of the control group were (2.18 ± 0.70) and (2.01 ± 0.65) when the moment and 1 month after intervention, while the scores in the intervention group were (1.74 ± 0.47) and (1.18 ± 0.17), the differences were significant ( t = 3.13, 8.34, both P<0.05). The total DSCS scores of the control group were (72.25 ± 11.55) and (73.12 ± 10.72) when the moment and 1 month after intervention, while the scores in the intervention group were (85.95 ± 5.91) and (85.24 ± 5.21), the differences were significant ( t = 10.13, 2.10, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Online character strengths intervention can help alleviate the distress associated with young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes and improve the level of self-management.

Comportamento alimentar de adultos: associação entre forças de caráter, afetos positivos e negativos / Adult eating behavior: association between character strengths, positive and negative affects / Conducta alimentar de adultos: asociación entre fortalezas de carácter, afecciones positivas y negativas

Diversos aspectos psicológicos estão implicados no emagrecimento, incluindo os estilos de comportamentos alimentares: Restrição Cognitiva (RC), Comer Incontrolável (CI) e Comer Emocional (CE). A Psicologia Positiva, por meio da análise de afetos positivos e negativos e das forças de caráter, pode fornecer recursos para um comportamento alimentar saudável. Este estudo analisou os afetos e as forças de caráter em diferentes estilos de comportamento alimentar de adultos que realizaram um programa de emagrecimento. A abordagem foi quantitativa e correlacional, envolvendo 50 participantes. Os instrumentos foram o Questionário sociodemográfico, o Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos e a Escala de Forças de Caráter. Os resultados indicam que os participantes que experimentaram menores níveis de afetos negativos apresentaram menos CE e CI, enquanto aqueles com menores níveis de afetos positivos relataram mais episódios de CI. Quanto às forças de caráter, pessoas com mais pensamento crítico, modéstia e autorregulação relataram maior controle sobre suas escolhas alimentares. Além disso, aqueles com mais perseverança, inteligência social, esperança e espiritualidade demonstraram menor incidência de CE. E, aqueles que possuem mais perdão, apreciação do belo e esperança demonstraram menor CI. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de afetos positivos e de algumas forças de caráter podem favorecer comportamentos alimentares mais saudáveis

Several psychological aspects are implicated in weight loss, among them the eating behavior styles: Cognitive Restriction (CR), Uncontrollable Eating (UE), and Emotional Eating (EE). Through positive and negative affect and cha-racter strengths, Positive Psychology can present resources for healthy eating behavior. This study examined the affect and character strengths of adults who undertook a weight loss program in different eating behavior styles. The approach was quantitative and correlational, involving 50 participants. The instruments were: sociodemographic questionnaire, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affects Scale, and Character Strengths Scale. People who experienced lower levels of adverse affects had less EE and UE, and those with lower levels of positive affects reported more episodes of UE. On the strengths of character, people with more critical thinking, modesty, and self-regulation said greater control over their food choices, and people with more perseverance, social intelligence, hope, and spirituality had a lower incidence of EE. Those with more forgiveness, appreciation of beauty, and hope showed less UE. We concluded that the development of positive affects and some character strengths could favor healthier eating behaviors

Varios aspectos psicológicos están implicados en la pérdida de peso, entre ellos los estilos de comportamiento alimentario: la Restricción Cognitiva (RC), la Alimentación Incontrolable (AI) y la Alimentación Emocional (AE), están implicados en la pérdida de peso. La psicología positiva, a través de los afectos positivos y negativos y las fortalezas de carácter, puede presentar recursos para una conducta alimentaria saludable. Este estudio analizó afecto y las fortalezas del carácter en diferentes estilos de conducta alimentaria de adultos que emprendieron un programa de adelgazamiento. El enfoque fue cuantitativo y correlacional, con 50 participantes. Los instrumentos fueron: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Cuestionario de Tres Factores Alimentarios, Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos y Escala de Fortalezas de Carácter. Aquellos que experimentaron niveles más bajos de afectos negativos tuvieron menos AE e AI y aquellos con niveles más bajos de afectos positivos informaron más episodios de AI. En cuanto a las fortalezas de carácter, las personas con pensamiento más crítico, modestia y autorregulación reportaron mayor control sobre sus elecciones alimentarias, las personas con más perseverancia, inteligencia social, esperanza y espiritualidad presentaron menor incidencia de AE. Aquellos que tienen más perdón, aprecio por la belleza y esperanza mostraron menos AI. Se concluye que el desarrollo de afectos positivos y algunas fortalezas del carácter puede favorecer conductas alimentarias más saludables

Factores protectores intrapersonales predictores del consumo de alcohol en universitarios del Sur de México / Intrapersonal protective factors predictors of alcohol consumption in university students in Southern Mexico / Fatores intrapessoais de proteção preditores do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários no Sul do México

Objetivo:determinar la relación y el efecto de la edad, la escolaridad, la resiliencia, la satisfacción con la vida y las fortalezas humanas con el consumo de alcohol en universitarios. Método:diseño descriptivo, correlacional y predictivo, los participantes fueron 367 estudiantes (63.2% mujeres) de 18 a 35 años (M=21.64, DE= 2.82) de una universidad del estado de Tabasco, México. Se seleccionaron mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado. La recolección de datos se realizó durante junio y julio de 2021. Resultados:Los estudiantes con mejores niveles de resiliencia están más satisfechos con la vida y tienen más fortalezas humanas. La edad se relacionó con el consumo de alcohol, y con nivel de bajo riesgo y consumo dependiente. Cuanto menor los índices de fortalezas humanas mayor es el consumo de alcohol de bajo riesgo y consumo de tipo dependiente. Las fortalezas humanas se mostraron como factores predictores (B=-0.14, p<.01) del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Conclusión:Las fortalezas humanas son un predictor negativo del consumo de alcohol en los jóvenes universitarios. Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir para una mejor comprensión del fenómeno del consumo de alcohol.

Objective:to determine the relationship and the effects of age, schooling, resilience, life satisfaction and human strengths with alcohol consumption in university students. Method:descriptive, correlational and predictive design, the participants were 367 students (63.2% women) aged 18 to 35 years (M=21.64, SD= 2.82) from a university in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. They were selected by stratified random probability sampling.Data collection was carried out during June and July 2021. Results:students with higher levels of resilience are more satisfied with life and have more human strengths. Age was related toalcohol consumption, and to low-risk and dependent drinking. The lower the indices of human strengths, the higher the low-risk and dependent alcohol consumption. Human strengths were shown to be predictors (B=-0.14, p<.01) of alcohol consumption in young university students. Conclusion:human strengths are a negative predictor of alcohol consumption in college youth. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of alcohol consumption.

Objetivo:determinar a relação e o efeito da idade, escolaridade, resiliência, satisfação de vida e forças humanas com o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Método:desenho descritivo, correlativo e preditivo, os participantes eram 367 estudantes (63,2% mulheres) com idades compreendidas entre os 18-35 anos (M=21,64, DP= 2,82) de uma universidade no estado de Tabasco, México. Foram selecionados por amostragem de probabilidade aleatória estratificada. A recolha de dados foi realizada durante os meses de junho e julho de 2021. Resultados:os estudantes com níveis mais elevados de resiliência estão mais satisfeitos com a vida e têm mais forças humanas. A idade estava relacionada com o consumo de álcool, e com o consumo de baixo risco e dependente. Quanto mais baixo o índice de forças humanas, mais alto o baixo risco e o consumo dependente de álcool. As forças humanas foram apontadas como fatores preditivos (B=-0,14, p<.01) do consumo de álcool em jovens estudantes universitários. Conclusão:as forças humanas são um preditor negativo do consumo de álcool na juventude universitária. Estas descobertas podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do fenómeno do consumo de álcool.

Effects of Cholesterol-lowering Agents on Proliferation, Invasion and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Liver Cancer Cells / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effects of cholesterol-lowering agents on the proliferation, stemness characters, migration, invasion, and neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETs) formation in liver cancer cells. Methods ASPP2 or HMGCR gene was knocked down in mouse liver cancer cell Hepa1-6 to establish cells with high or low cholesterol, respectively. Simvastatin and berberine were used to reduce cholesterol synthesis. CCK-8 and plate cloning assays were conducted to detect the proliferation ability of liver cancer cells. Sphere formation assay and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the stemness character and expression of related genes. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were used to analyze the ability of cell migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to analyze the effect of lipid-lowering agent on NETs formation. Results Cholesterol-lowering agents significantly inhibited the proliferation and stemness-related gene expression of Hepa1-6 cells (P < 0.001), significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of Hepa1-6 cells (P < 0.001), and significantly inhibited the neutrophil-induced invasion and formation of NETs (P < 0.001). Conclusion Cholesterol-lowering agents suppress the proliferation and invasion via inhibiting the stemness characters and NETs formation in liver cancer cells. It is a potential strategy for the treatment of liver cancer metastasis.

Character strengths as protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescent

Character strengths could efectively prevent negative psychological outcomes in adults. However, there was little research conducted among early adolescents. The present study aimed to explore character strengths that were independently related to fewer behavior problems in early adolescents. In total, 521 early adolescents (mean age 10.92 ± 0.04, range 10­12 years) were recruited from primary schools in Sichuan, China. Character strengths were measured using the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth). Behavior problems were measured using the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ). The results showed that behavior problems were negatively correlated with character strengths (r = −0.14 to −0.3, p < 0.05 Bonferroni corrected). Character strengths explained a signifcant proportion of additional variance (14­22%) in fve types of behavior problems after controlling the efect of demographic factors (residence, left-behind experiences, maternal education level). Moreover, several specifc character strengths showed an independent contribution (ß = −0.34 to −0.14 for self-regulation, perseverance, zest, humility, and leadership; ß = 0.21 to 0.34, for hope; all p < 0.05) to behavior problems. Our study revealed that character trengths were protective factors against behavior problems in early adolescents.

Bem-estar psicológico, sintomas de depressão e forças do caráter em idosos da comunidade / Psychological well-being, depressive symptoms and character strengths among the community elderly / Bienestar psicológico, síntomas depresivos y fortalezas de carácter en ancianos de la comunidad

Em um mundo com um número crescente de idosos, envelhecer bem se torna cada vez mais importante, e as forças do caráter podem contribuir para que isso seja alcançado. A fim de analisar forças na velhice, associando-as com sintomas depressivos e bem-estar psicológico, 188 idosos responderam às versões reduzidas e em português dos instrumentos Values-in-Action Inventory of Strengths, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. As forças Amor, Esperança, Curiosidade, Perdão e Vitalidade se associaram tanto a níveis mais elevados de bem-estar psicológico quanto a mais baixos de sintomas depressivos. Foram obtidas correlações significativas entre seis forças e sintomas depressivos ­ negativas fracas ­ e entre 11 delas e bem-estar psicológico ­ positivas fracas. Os resultados deste estudo ampliam, ainda que limitadamente, o conhecimento sobre forças de idosos, especialmente como elas se relacionam com dois construtos que influenciam a velhice. Ademais, fornecem uma base para o desenvolvimento de intervenções futuras.

In a world with an increasing number of elderly people, aging well is becoming increasingly important, and character strengths can contribute to this. In order to analyze strengths among the elderly, associating them with depressive symptoms and psychological well-being, 188 elderly people answered the reduced and Portuguese versions of Values-in-Action Inventory of Strengths, Geriatric Depression Scale and Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Love, Hope, Curiosity, Forgiveness, and Vitality strengths were associated with both higher levels of psychological well-being and lower depressive symptoms. Significant correlations were found between six strengths and depressive symptoms ­ weak negatives ­ and between 11 of them and psychological well-being ­ weak positives. The results of this study expand, albeit to a limited extent, knowledge about elderly people's strengths, especially as they relate to two constructs that influence old age. In addition, they provide a basis for the development of future interventions.

En un mundo con un número creciente de ancianos, envejecer bien se está volviendo cada vez más importante, y las fortalezas de carácter pueden contribuir para esto. Para analizar las fortalezas en ancianos, asociándolas con los síntomas depresivos y el bienestar psicológico, 188 ancianos respondieron las versiones cortas, en português, de los instrumentos Values-in-Action Inven-tory of Strengths, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica y Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Las fortalezas Amor, Esperanza, Curiosidad, Perdón y Vitalidad se asociaron con niveles más altos de bienestar psicológico y síntomas depresivos más bajos. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre seis fortalezas y síntomas depresivos ­ negativas bajas ­ y 11 entre ellos y el bienestar psicológico ­ positivas bajas. Los resultados de este estudio amplían, aunque de forma limitada, el conocimiento sobre las fortalezas en ancianos, especialmente en como ellas se relacionan con dos constructos que influyen en la vejez. Además, proporcionan una base para el desarrollo de futuras intervenciones.

Character strengths of 180 counseling cases and its association with mental health / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore character strengths of college students who sought counseling, and its relationship with mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 180 college students who sought counseling were investigated by using the short version of Character Strengths Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) during March 2020 to October 2021.@*Results@#The top five character strengths of college students who sought counseling were appreciation, authenticity, gratitude, humor, love of learning ( 8.39± 1.64, 7.82±1.74, 7.73±1.57, 7.29±1.81, 7.17±1.88); The bottom five character strengths were kindness, bravery, persistence, zest, leadership (5.59±1.75, 5.81±1.30, 5.86±1.72, 5.98±1.59, 6.06±1.60). Linear regression analysis found love, social intelligence and insight showed associations with different dimensions of mental health, with correlation coefficient of each regression equation between -0.12 and 0.16, and the coefficient of determination between 0.05 and 0.19 ( P <0.01). Love had a negativeassociation with all factors of SCL- 90 ( β=-0.314--0.159, P <0.05), which could explain 3.3%-12.5% of the variation of each factor. Social intelligence had a negative association with obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety ( β=-0.200--0.150, P <0.05), which can explain 1.6%-3.2% of the variation. Insight had a positive association with somatization, hostility and paranoia ( β=0.168-0.279, P <0.05), which can explain 2.3%-3.8% of the variation.@*Conclusion@#The lack and excess of character strengths is associated with mental health problems. Therefore, it would be more effective to help counseling cases build an appropriate and balanced character in the context of a strengths based approach.

Mediating effect of nursing staff′s character advantage between job satisfaction and subjective well-being / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the status quo of job satisfaction, character advantage and subjective well-being of nursing staff, and to explore the relationship among the three, so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the subjective well-being of medical staff.Methods:Using cluster random sampling method, 582 nursing staff in Jinzhou City of Liaoning Province were selected as the survey objects. The General Information Questionnaire, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, Character Strengths Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale were used to investigate the respondents. The mediating effect of character strengths on job satisfaction and subjective well-being was analyzed by structural equation model. The mediating effect was analyzed and verified by bootstrap method.Results:The score of Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, Character Strengths Scale and Subjective Well-being Scale of nursing staff were 70.5 ± 10.8, 45.0 ± 6.8 and 24.2 ± 6.3 respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the total score of job satisfaction and the total score of character strengths of nursing staff ( r=0.214, P<0.01), and the total score of subjective well-being ( r=0.373, P<0.01). The total score of subjective well-being was positively correlated with the total score of character strengths ( r=0.123, P<0.01). Conclusions:The character strengths of nursing staff plays a mediating role between job satisfaction and subjective well-being.

Quality standard improvement study of ginkgo semen decoction pieces / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish and improve the quality standard of ginkgo semen decoction pieces. Methods The morphological character for 29 batches of ginkgo gemen and 12 batches of stir-fried ginkgo gemen were observed, and the moisture contents were assayed using the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the first supplement. Results The character of ginkgo gemen and stir-fried ginkgo gemen were consistent in different batches. The moisture content of ginkgo gemen was 8.8% to 12.2%, with an average of 10.5%. The moisture content of stir-fried ginkgo gemen was from 5.4% to 12.3%, with an average of 8.9%. Considering that ginkgo semen decoction pieces are stored for a long time, they are prone to the attack of mildew and insects, and the moisture limit is set to be no more than 10.0% in ginkgo gemen and stir-fried ginkgo. Conclusion Compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the first supplement, the character identification for ginkgo semen decoction pieces was added and the quality standards were improved. The moisture content of ginkgo semen decoction pieces needs to be strictly controlled under 10.0% to prevent mildew and insects.

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of diarrhea cases with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the infection status and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhea cases in Shanghai in recent years， and to explore its influencing factors and provide a basis for the prevention and control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Methods Food-borne disease surveillance data in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018 was collected， and the infection status and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analyzed. χ 2 test and multivariate unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Results Among the food-borne surveillance cases in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018， the positive detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus reached 5.1%， and the positive cases were concentrated in July， August， and September. Those working in the catering industry， migrant workers and workers， and the young and middle-aged people （19‒59 years old） have a high incidence. The results of multivariate analysis showed that dining in Qingpu， Songjiang or Minhang District， occupations of migrant workers and workers， age over 19 years old， the third quarter of a year， and the consumption of aquatic animals and related foods are risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Conclusion The infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai is still one of the food-borne diseases that warrant our attention. Strengthening food safety management and supervision， and promoting publicity and education for key populations are important for reducing the risk of infection by this pathogen. At the same time， long-term monitoring of infectious diarrhea cases in this city is necessary to dynamically understand the infection and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ， and adjust the annual prevention and control measures in time.

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of diarrhea cases with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the infection status and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus diarrhea cases in Shanghai in recent years， and to explore its influencing factors and provide a basis for the prevention and control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Methods Food-borne disease surveillance data in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018 was collected， and the infection status and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were analyzed. χ 2 test and multivariate unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Results Among the food-borne surveillance cases in Shanghai from 2017 to 2018， the positive detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus reached 5.1%， and the positive cases were concentrated in July， August， and September. Those working in the catering industry， migrant workers and workers， and the young and middle-aged people （19‒59 years old） have a high incidence. The results of multivariate analysis showed that dining in Qingpu， Songjiang or Minhang District， occupations of migrant workers and workers， age over 19 years old， the third quarter of a year， and the consumption of aquatic animals and related foods are risk factors for Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Conclusion The infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shanghai is still one of the food-borne diseases that warrant our attention. Strengthening food safety management and supervision， and promoting publicity and education for key populations are important for reducing the risk of infection by this pathogen. At the same time， long-term monitoring of infectious diarrhea cases in this city is necessary to dynamically understand the infection and epidemic characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus ， and adjust the annual prevention and control measures in time.

Consideraciones didácticas para la instrumentación de la Estadística en la formación investigativa del médico general integral / Didactic Considerations for the Instrumentation of Statistics in the Research Training of the Comprehensive General Doctor

Introducción: Estudios realizados en los últimos años señalan dificultades en torno al componente investigativo del programa de formación del médico general integral destacando la inadecuada utilización de la Estadística por parte de sus especialistas en estrecha relación con insuficiencias que tienen lugar durante su formación. Objetivo: Proponer algunas consideraciones didácticas para dar solución a las inconsistencias que presenta la formación de la dimensión investigativa de los especialistas en medicina general integral en relación a la utilización de la Estadística. Material y Métodos: Revisión documental de artículos y trabajos referentes al estado actual del uso de la Estadística en la actividad científica de médicos generales integrales y su relación con insuficiencias durante la formación de la dimensión investigativa de estos especialistas. Las fuentes de información consultadas fueron accedidas a través de diferentes buscadores y bases de datos, entre ellas SciELO, Google Académico, Medline y Pubmed. Resultados y discusión: Los trabajos analizados demuestran que el proceso de formación de la dimensión investigativa de los especialistas de medicina general integral manifiesta insuficiencias durante la aplicación de la Estadística, determinado por una inadecuada instrumentación de sus contenidos en el programa docente. Conclusiones: Existe una instrumentación inadecuada de la Estadística en el programa docente para el desarrollo de la dimensión investigativa de los especialistas de medicina general integral. Se sugieren algunas consideraciones didácticas para la instrumentación de la Estadística en la formación del médico general integral(AU)

Introduction: Studies carried out in recent years indicate difficulties around the investigative component of the comprehensive general practitioner training program, highlighting the inadequate use of Statistics by its specialists in close relation to shortcomings that occur during their training. Objective: To propose some didactic considerations to solve the inconsistencies presented by the training of the investigative dimension of specialists in comprehensive general medicine in relation to the use of Statistics. Material and Methods: Documentary review of articles and works referring to the current state of the use of Statistics in the scientific activity of comprehensive general practitioners and its relationship with deficiencies during the training of the investigative dimension of these specialists. The sources of information consulted were accessed through different search engines and databases, including SciELO, Google Academic, Medline and Pubmed. Results and Discussion: The analyzed works show that the process of formation of the investigative dimension of the specialists of integral general medicine shows insufficiencies during the application of the Statistics, determined by an inadequate instrumentation of its contents in the teaching program. Conclusions: There is an inadequate instrumentation of Statistics in the teaching program for the development of the investigative dimension of specialists in general comprehensive medicine. Some didactic considerations are suggested for the instrumentation of Statistics in the training of the comprehensive general practitioner(AU)

Profissionais de TI: Um estudo sobre as forças pessoais/de caráter / IT Professionals: A study of character strengths

RESUMO As forças pessoais/de caráter são as características psicológicas positivas que se refletem nos pensamentos, sentimentos e comportamentos. Esse artigo objetivou descrever as forças pessoais/de caráter mais prevalentes em 60 profissionais de Tecnologia da Informação e comparar quatro grupos distintos nos cargos de Atendimento e Suporte Técnico, Desenvolvedor de Software, Gestor e Líder Técnico em um Parque Tecnológico do Sul do Brasil. Estudo com delineamento quantitativo, descritivo, comparativo e transversal com aplicação online de um Questionário Sócio Demográfico e Laboral e da Escala das Forças de Caráter. As forças mais prevalentes são a imparcialidade, a curiosidade, a bondade, o pensamento crítico e o amor ao aprendizado. As forças com menor prevalência são a apreciação do belo, a espiritualidade, o perdão, a inteligência social e a sensatez. As implicações práticas sugerem que as características psicológicas positivas sejam fortalecidas em processos de desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos trabalhadores de TI no âmbito organizacional.

ABSTRACT Character strengths are the positive psychological characteristics that are reflected in thoughts, feelings and behaviors. This article aimed to describe the most prevalent character strengths in 60 Information Technology (IT) professionals and compare four distinct groups in the positions of Service and Technical Support, Software Developer, Manager and Technical Leader in a Technology Park in the Southern Brazil. Study with quantitative, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional design with online application of a Socio-Demographic and Labor Questionnaire and the Scale of Character Strengths. The most prevalent strengths are impartiality, curiosity, kindness, critical thinking and love of learning. The least prevalent character strengths are appreciation of beauty, spirituality, forgiveness, social intelligence and wisdom. Practical implications suggest that positive psychological characteristics should be strengthened in the personal and professional development of IT workers at organizations.

Associations between Gilbert's syndrome and personality characteristics

Abstract Objective Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a benign genetic disorder that is characterized by intermittent mild jaundice in which the liver doesn't process bilirubin properly. The aim of this study was to determine whether GS patients have a different personality structure and if there are associations between properties of temperament and character and total bilirubin levels. Methods A total of 1665 young male individuals aged from 19 to 30 who were admitted for occupational examinations were included in this study. Careful patient history was taken, a detailed physical examination was conducted, and hematologic and biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. The Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to all participants. 81 patients diagnosed with GS and 150 randomly chosen healthy individuals (control group) were investigated with comparison and correlation analyses. Results GS patients had higher scores than healthy controls for disorderliness (NS4) (p = 0.018), sentimentality (RD1) (p = 0.042), and fatigability (HA4) (p = 0.03). Moreover, Gilbert syndrome patients scored lower than controls for empathy (C2) (p = 0.041) and transpersonal identification (ST2) (p = 0.044). Bilirubin levels were positively associated with disorderliness (NS4) (r = 0.141, p = 0.032) and fatigability (HA4) (r = 0.14, p = 0.033). Conclusions GS patients may have some different personality characteristics from healthy individuals. This study is an initial exploration of the personality structure of GS patients and the findings should be interpreted with caution. Further prospective studies are needed to identify the relationship between Gilbert disease and personality characteristics.

Que dúvida pode haver? / What doubt can there be? / ¿Qué duda puede haber? / Quel doute peut-il y avoir?

Consciente das complexidades que a sexualidade humana implica, Virginia Woolf desconstrói, em Orlando: uma biografia, os binarismos redutores que tolhem o desejo e a liberdade. No corpo de seu protagonista (corpo feito de linguagem), ela tece uma crítica irônica aos estereótipos formados a partir dos conceitos que categorizam os seres humanos em dois gêneros sexuais distintos na sociedade patriarcal ocidental.

In her novel Orlando: a biography, Virginia Woolf deconstructs the sexual dichotomies that restrict human desire and freedom. Knowing how complex sexuality is, she produces the body of her protagonist by the means of an ironical language that criticizes the stereotypes formed by the concepts that categorize the human beings into two distinct genders in the patriarchal occidental society.

En su novela Orlando: a biography, Virginia Woolf desconstruye las dicotomias sexuales que refrenan el deseo y la libertad de las personas. Consciente de las complejidades de la sexualidad humana, ella produce el cuerpo de su protagonista por medio de um lenguaje irónico que critica los estereotipos formados por los conceptos que categorizan los seres en dos géneros distintos en la sociedad patriarcal occidental.

Dans son roman Orlando : une biographie, Virginia Woolf déconstruit les binarismes qui restreignent le désir et la liberté humains. Consciente qu'elle est des complexités la sexualité, elle produit le corps de son/sa protagoniste par le moyen dun langage critique qu'ironise les stéréotypes formés par les deux genres sexuels distincts dans la société patriarcale occidentale.

Escala de forças de caráter: evidências de validade no contexto da orientação para a carreira / Character strengths scale: evidence of validity in the context of career guidance

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo encontrar evidências de validade para a escala de forças de caráter (EFC), correlacionando-a com a escala de adaptabilidade de carreira (EAC) baseada na relação com variáveis externas, ou seja, entre os escores dos instrumentos a serem utilizados, e outras variáveis como idade, sexo e situação laboral. Participaram por meio de pesquisa on-line 364 respondentes com idade entre 18 e 77 anos. Uma importante contribuição desta pesquisa foi o que se constatou quanto à situação laboral, sugerindo que a capacidade de inovar e estar aberto a novas experiências são fundamentais para aqueles que desejam se manter empregados. Os resultados também inferem que as pessoas mais jovens costumam pensar mais sobre seu futuro profissional do que as pessoas mais velhas, porém, a maturidade associada a um maior nível de conhecimento (escolaridade) promove uma maior pontuação entre as forças de caráter.

This research aimed to find evidence of validity for the character strengths scale (CSS), correlating it with the career adapt-abilities scale (CAAS) based on the relationship with external variables, that is, between the scores of the instruments to be used, and other variables such as age, sex and employment situation. A total of 364 respondents aged between 18 and 77 years old participated in an online survey. An important contribution of this research was regarding the employment situation, suggesting that the ability to innovate and be open to new experiences are fundamental for those who wish to remain employed. The results also infer that younger people tend to think more about their professional future than older people; however, the maturity associated with a higher level of knowledge (education) promotes a higher score among the strength of character.